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Year Course ID Course
2024-2025 BIOL 290

Introduction to Biotechnology

This course reviews the role of modern biotechnology in plant, animal, and marine biology, microbiology, agriculture, the pharmaceutical industry, and medicine. The course focuses on underlying technologies in biotechnology, how these technologies are implemented, together with public concerns and government guidelines and legislation.

Course Credits: 3
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 113 and 114.
Cross-listed: BIOT 290
2025-2026 BIOL 290

Introduction to Biotechnology

This course reviews the role of modern biotechnology in plant, animal, and marine biology, microbiology, agriculture, the pharmaceutical industry, and medicine. The course focuses on underlying technologies in biotechnology, how these technologies are implemented, together with public concerns and government guidelines and legislation.

Course Credits: 3
2026-2027 BIOL 290

Introduction to Biotechnology

This course reviews the role of modern biotechnology in plant, animal, and marine biology, microbiology, agriculture, the pharmaceutical industry, and medicine. The course focuses on underlying technologies in biotechnology, how these technologies are implemented, together with public concerns and government guidelines and legislation.

Course Credits: 3
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 113 and 114
Cross-listed: BIOT 290
2024-2025 BIOL 300

Biotechnology Practica III

Biotechnology Practica II and III provide general and advanced intern experiences in industrial settings. BIOL 200 (2 sem. hrs.) is a requirement for entry to co-op placements and graduation. BIOL 300 (3 sem. hrs.) is additional intern experience providing exposure to advanced techniques and applications in biotechnology. The skills taught in each practicum vary depending on the industrial setting, but should include some of the following techniques: mammalian tissue culture; monoclonal antibody production including cell fusion; hybridoma screening by ELISA and immunoblotting; fermentation microbiology and the operation of large-scale fermentation systems; insect cell culture and use of Baculovirus expression vectors to produce recombinant proteins; downstream processing and the recovery and purification of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids; freezing, freeze-drying and preservation of microorganisms, animal viruses, cell lines and hybridomas; high throughput screening strategies, diagnostic testing; methods in bioinformatics; and quality control procedures.

Course Credits: 3
Prerequisite(s): BIOT 200/300.
Cross-listed: BIOT 200/300.
2025-2026 BIOL 300

Biotechnology Practica III

Biotechnology Practica provides general and advanced intern experiences in industrial settings. BIOL 300 (3 sem. hrs.) is additional intern experience providing exposure to advanced techniques and applications in biotechnology. The skills taught in each practicum vary depending on the industrial setting, but should include some of the following techniques: mammalian tissue culture; monoclonal antibody production including cell fusion; hybridoma screening by ELISA and immunoblotting; fermentation microbiology and the operation of large-scale fermentation systems; insect cell culture and use of Baculovirus expression vectors to produce recombinant proteins; downstream processing and the recovery and purification of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids; freezing, freeze-drying and preservation of microorganisms, animal viruses, cell lines and hybridomas; high throughput screening strategies, diagnostic testing; methods in bioinformatics; and quality control procedures.

Course Credits: 3
2026-2027 BIOL 300

Biotechnology Practica III

Biotechnology Practica provides general and advanced intern experiences in industrial settings. BIOL 300 (3 sem. hrs.) is additional intern experience providing exposure to advanced techniques and applications in biotechnology. The skills taught in each practicum vary depending on the industrial setting, but should include some of the following techniques: mammalian tissue culture; monoclonal antibody production including cell fusion; hybridoma screening by ELISA and immunoblotting; fermentation microbiology and the operation of large-scale fermentation systems; insect cell culture and use of Baculovirus expression vectors to produce recombinant proteins; downstream processing and the recovery and purification of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids; freezing, freeze-drying and preservation of microorganisms, animal viruses, cell lines and hybridomas; high throughput screening strategies, diagnostic testing; methods in bioinformatics; and quality control procedures.

Course Credits: 3
Prerequisite(s): BIOT 200
Cross-listed: BIOT 300
2024-2025 BIOL 308

Vertebrate Zoology

A comparative study of the vertebrate classes with special emphasis on the anatomy and physiology of representative forms. The significance of advances in the complexity of chordates is considered, as well as the impact of human activities on vertebrate population dynamics.

Course Credits: 3
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 223 or 281. (3-3)
NB: Not offered every year See department chair
2025-2026 BIOL 308

Vertebrate Zoology

A comparative study of the vertebrate classes with special emphasis on the anatomy and physiology of representative forms. The significance of advances in the complexity of chordates is considered, as well as the impact of human activities on vertebrate population dynamics.

Course Credits: 3
NB: Not offered every year See department chair.
2026-2027 BIOL 308

Vertebrate Zoology

A comparative study of the vertebrate classes with special emphasis on the anatomy and physiology of representative forms. The significance of advances in the complexity of chordates is considered, as well as the impact of human activities on vertebrate population dynamics.

Course Credits: 3
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 223 or 281
NB: Not offered every year See department chair.
2024-2025 BIOL 312

Advanced Biology of Vascular Plants

An exploration of the role of plants as the basis for most ecosystems, and as valuable resources for agriculture, horticulture, forestry, biotechnology, and other areas of human concern. The study of vascular plants includes classification, development, physiology, ecology, and economic uses, with comparison of form, function, and significance. The course involves local field trips and laboratory studies. Recent discoveries in plant biology are highlighted through the completion of a literature review.

Course Credits: 3
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 113 (3-3)
NB: Students may only take one of BIOL 212 or BIOL 312 for credit Not offered every year. See department chair.
2025-2026 BIOL 312

Advanced Biology of Vascular Plants

An exploration of the role of plants as the basis for most ecosystems, and as valuable resources for agriculture, horticulture, forestry, biotechnology, and other areas of human concern. The study of vascular plants includes classification, development, physiology, ecology, and economic uses, with comparison of form, function, and significance. The course involves local field trips and laboratory studies. Recent discoveries in plant biology are highlighted through the completion of a literature review.

Course Credits: 3
NB: Students may only take one of BIOL 212 or BIOL 312 for credit Not offered every year. See department chair.
2026-2027 BIOL 312

Advanced Biology of Vascular Plants

An exploration of the role of plants as the basis for most ecosystems, and as valuable resources for agriculture, horticulture, forestry, biotechnology, and other areas of human concern. The study of vascular plants includes classification, development, physiology, ecology, and economic uses, with comparison of form, function, and significance. The course involves local field trips and laboratory studies. Recent discoveries in plant biology are highlighted through the completion of a literature review.

Course Credits: 3
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 113
NB: Students may only take one of BIOL 212 or BIOL 312 for credit Not offered every year. See department chair.
2024-2025 BIOL 314

Advanced Biology of NonVascular Plants

An exploration of non-vascular plants and the important niches they occupy, particularly in aquatic or moist environments and in relation to human health. The course covers algae, fungi, lichens, and bryophytes including classification, development, physiology, and ecology. Applied aspects include productivity of freshwater and marine systems, commercial uses, mushroom culture, plant pathology and environmental and human health. Firsthand experience of the organisms includes local field trips and laboratory studies. Recent discoveries in plant biology are highlighted through the completion of a literature review.

Course Credits: 3
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 113. (3-3)
NB: Students may only take one of BIOL 214 or BIOL 314 for credit Not offered every year See department chair
2025-2026 BIOL 314

Advanced Biology of NonVascular Plants

An exploration of non-vascular plants and the important niches they occupy, particularly in aquatic or moist environments and in relation to human health. The course covers algae, fungi, lichens, and bryophytes including classification, development, physiology, and ecology. Applied aspects include productivity of freshwater and marine systems, commercial uses, mushroom culture, plant pathology and environmental and human health. Firsthand experience of the organisms includes local field trips and laboratory studies. Recent discoveries in plant biology are highlighted through the completion of a literature review.

Course Credits: 3
NB: Students may only take one of BIOL 214 or BIOL 314 for credit Not offered every year See department chair.
2026-2027 BIOL 314

Advanced Biology of NonVascular Plants

An exploration of non-vascular plants and the important niches they occupy, particularly in aquatic or moist environments and in relation to human health. The course covers algae, fungi, lichens, and bryophytes including classification, development, physiology, and ecology. Applied aspects include productivity of freshwater and marine systems, commercial uses, mushroom culture, plant pathology and environmental and human health. Firsthand experience of the organisms includes local field trips and laboratory studies. Recent discoveries in plant biology are highlighted through the completion of a literature review.

Course Credits: 3
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 113
NB: Students may only take one of BIOL 214 or BIOL 314 for credit Not offered every year See department chair.
2024-2025 BIOL 315

Plant Physiology

An inventory of basic plant mechanisms and plant development. Mechanisms include assimilation, transport, and utilization of water and mineral nutrients and the utilization and distribution of photoassimilates. Plant development includes cell division, tissue culture, meristems, and the role of hormones in plant morphogenesis. Experimental approaches and biotechnology applications of plant molecular biology are stressed.

Course Credits: 3
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 223 or 281. (3-3)
NB: Not offered every year See department chair
2025-2026 BIOL 315

Plant Physiology

An inventory of basic plant mechanisms and plant development. Mechanisms include assimilation, transport, and utilization of water and mineral nutrients and the utilization and distribution of photoassimilates. Plant development includes cell division, tissue culture, meristems, and the role of hormones in plant morphogenesis. Experimental approaches and biotechnology applications of plant molecular biology are stressed.

Course Credits: 3
NB: Not offered every year See department chair.
2026-2027 BIOL 315

Plant Physiology

An inventory of basic plant mechanisms and plant development. Mechanisms include assimilation, transport, and utilization of water and mineral nutrients and the utilization and distribution of photoassimilates. Plant development includes cell division, tissue culture, meristems, and the role of hormones in plant morphogenesis. Experimental approaches and biotechnology applications of plant molecular biology are stressed.

Course Credits: 3
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 223 or 281
NB: Not offered every year See department chair.
2024-2025 BIOL 316

Plant Ecology

The crucial role of plant ecology in shaping major habitats, including those in British Columbia, will be examined. A trip to Salt Spring Island will highlight the threatened Garry oak ecosystem and other features of interest. Field trips throughout the course will highlight the population dynamics and interrelationships of plant communities in natural habitats, agricultural crops and managed forests. Critical assessment of planetary stewardship will form a common theme across various issues in plant ecology.

Course Credits: 3
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 223 or 281 or 216, and BIOL 262 or instructor’s consent.
NB: Summer sessions only Includes fieldwork in the Gulf Islands Not offered every year See department chair
Cross-listed: GENV 316
2025-2026 BIOL 316

Plant Ecology

The crucial role of plant ecology in shaping major habitats, including those in British Columbia, will be examined. A trip to Salt Spring Island will highlight the threatened Garry oak ecosystem and other features of interest. Field trips throughout the course will highlight the population dynamics and interrelationships of plant communities in natural habitats, agricultural crops and managed forests. Critical assessment of planetary stewardship will form a common theme across various issues in plant ecology.

Course Credits: 3
NB: Summer sessions only. Includes fieldwork in the Gulf Islands. Not offered every year. See department chair.
2026-2027 BIOL 316

Plant Ecology

The crucial role of plant ecology in shaping major habitats, including those in British Columbia, will be examined. A trip to Salt Spring Island will highlight the threatened Garry oak ecosystem and other features of interest. Field trips throughout the course will highlight the population dynamics and interrelationships of plant communities in natural habitats, agricultural crops and managed forests. Critical assessment of planetary stewardship will form a common theme across various issues in plant ecology.

Course Credits: 3
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 223 or 281 or 216, and BIOL 262 or instructor’s consent
NB: Summer sessions only. Includes fieldwork in the Gulf Islands. Not offered every year. See department chair.
Cross-listed: GENV 316
2024-2025 BIOL 318

Tropical Botany

As an exploration of the botanical riches of the tropics - focusing on the plant life of Hawaii - this course traces fundamentals of plant taxonomy, physiology, and ecology in relation to complexities of existence on the most isolated island chain in the world. Issues related to indigenous vegetation, including effects of introduced animals and plants, agriculture, and ethnobotany, are discussed. The course involves one week of lectures at Trinity Western and two weeks of lectures and field work in Hawaii.

Course Credits: 3
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 223 or 281 or 216, and BIOL 262 or instructor’s consent. Recommended: BIOL 312 or 314 or 316.
NB: Summer sessions only. Not offered every year
Cross-listed: GENV 318
2025-2026 BIOL 318

Tropical Botany

As an exploration of the botanical riches of the tropics - focusing on the plant life of Hawaii - this course traces fundamentals of plant taxonomy, physiology, and ecology in relation to complexities of existence on the most isolated island chain in the world. Issues related to indigenous vegetation, including effects of introduced animals and plants, agriculture, and ethnobotany, are discussed. The course involves one week of lectures at Trinity Western and two weeks of lectures and field work in Hawaii.

Course Credits: 3
NB: Summer sessions only. Not offered every year. See department chair.
2026-2027 BIOL 318

Tropical Botany

As an exploration of the botanical riches of the tropics - focusing on the plant life of Hawaii - this course traces fundamentals of plant taxonomy, physiology, and ecology in relation to complexities of existence on the most isolated island chain in the world. Issues related to indigenous vegetation, including effects of introduced animals and plants, agriculture, and ethnobotany, are discussed. The course involves one week of lectures at Trinity Western and two weeks of lectures and field work in Hawaii.

Course Credits: 3
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 223 or 281 or 216, and BIOL 262 or instructor’s consent. Recommended: BIOL 312 or 314 or 316
NB: Summer sessions only. Not offered every year. See department chair.
Cross-listed: GENV 318
2024-2025 BIOL 326

Evolutionary Theory

An in-depth survey of evolution as an organizing theory in biology, with emphasis on the primary scientific literature. Topics covered include comparative genomics, sources of variation, natural selection, genetic drift, adaptation, sexual selection, kin selection, speciation and phylogenetics.

Course Credits: 3
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 371 and at least one of BIOL 372 or 386.
NB: Students may only take one of BIOL 226 or BIOL 326 for credit.
2025-2026 BIOL 326

Evolutionary Theory

An in-depth survey of evolution as an organizing theory in biology, with emphasis on the primary scientific literature. Topics covered include comparative genomics, sources of variation, natural selection, genetic drift, adaptation, sexual selection, kin selection, speciation and phylogenetics.

Course Credits: 3
NB: Students may only take one of BIOL 226 or BIOL 326 for credit.
2026-2027 BIOL 326

Evolutionary Theory

An in-depth survey of evolution as an organizing theory in biology, with emphasis on the primary scientific literature. Topics covered include comparative genomics, sources of variation, natural selection, genetic drift, adaptation, sexual selection, kin selection, speciation and phylogenetics.

Course Credits: 3
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 371 and at least one of BIOL 372 or 386
NB: Students may only take one of BIOL 226 or BIOL 326 for credit.
2024-2025 BIOL 333

Introduction to Medical Microbiology

A study of pathogenic microorganisms and the control of infectious diseases. Topics include: (i) the biology of bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and helminths; (ii) infectious diseases of temperate and tropical climates; (iii) immunity, immunology, and immunization; (iv) sterilization, disinfection, chemotherapeutic agents; and (v) epidemiology and public health microbiology.

Course Credits: 3
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 223 or 281. (3-3)
NB: Students may only take one of BIOL 233 or BIOL 333 for credit.
2025-2026 BIOL 333

Introduction to Medical Microbiology

A study of pathogenic microorganisms and the control of infectious diseases. Topics include: (i) the biology of bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and helminths; (ii) infectious diseases of temperate and tropical climates; (iii) immunity, immunology, and immunization; (iv) sterilization, disinfection, chemotherapeutic agents; and (v) epidemiology and public health microbiology.

Course Credits: 3
NB: Students may only take one of BIOL 233 or BIOL 333 for credit.
2026-2027 BIOL 333

Introduction to Medical Microbiology

A study of pathogenic microorganisms and the control of infectious diseases. Topics include: (i) the biology of bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and helminths; (ii) infectious diseases of temperate and tropical climates; (iii) immunity, immunology, and immunization; (iv) sterilization, disinfection, chemotherapeutic agents; and (v) epidemiology and public health microbiology.

Course Credits: 3
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 223 or 281
NB: Students may only take one of BIOL 233 or BIOL 333 for credit.
2025-2026 BIOL 334

Basic & Applied Microbiology

An advanced study of topics in basic and applied microbiology. Topics include: (i) the structure, ultrastructure, and biochemical structure of prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and viruses; (ii) microbial biochemistry and physiology; (iii) microbial taxonomy and phylogeny; (iv) microbial ecology and agricultural microbiology; and (v) industrial microbiology and biotechnology.

Course Credits: 3
NB: Not offered every year. See department chair.
2026-2027 BIOL 334

Basic & Applied Microbiology

An advanced study of topics in basic and applied microbiology. Topics include: (i) the structure, ultrastructure, and biochemical structure of prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and viruses; (ii) microbial biochemistry and physiology; (iii) microbial taxonomy and phylogeny; (iv) microbial ecology and agricultural microbiology; and (v) industrial microbiology and biotechnology.

Course Credits: 3
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 223 or 281
NB: Not offered every year. See department chair.
2024-2025 BIOL 334

Basic and Applied Microbiology

An advanced study of topics in basic and applied microbiology. Topics include: (i) the structure, ultrastructure, and biochemical structure of prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and viruses; (ii) microbial biochemistry and physiology; (iii) microbial taxonomy and phylogeny; (iv) microbial ecology and agricultural microbiology; and (v) industrial microbiology and biotechnology.

Course Credits: 3
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 223 or 281. (3-3)
NB: Not offered every year. See department chair.
2024-2025 BIOL 336

Immunology

A lecture course covering current topics in immunology, including: the cellular basis of immunity, the molecular genetics of antibody diversity, the major histocompatibility complex, antigen recognition, lymphocyte development, the complement system, hypersensitivity reactions, and immunodeficiency diseases. The course provides an integrated view of the immune system and the immunologic response to disease.

Course Credits: 3
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 333. (3-0)
NB: Not offered every year See department chair
2025-2026 BIOL 336

Immunology

A lecture course covering current topics in immunology, including: the cellular basis of immunity, the molecular genetics of antibody diversity, the major histocompatibility complex, antigen recognition, lymphocyte development, the complement system, hypersensitivity reactions, and immunodeficiency diseases. The course provides an integrated view of the immune system and the immunologic response to disease.

Course Credits: 3
NB: Not offered every year. See department chair.
2026-2027 BIOL 336

Immunology

A lecture course covering current topics in immunology, including: the cellular basis of immunity, the molecular genetics of antibody diversity, the major histocompatibility complex, antigen recognition, lymphocyte development, the complement system, hypersensitivity reactions, and immunodeficiency diseases. The course provides an integrated view of the immune system and the immunologic response to disease.

Course Credits: 3
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 333
NB: Not offered every year. See department chair.
2024-2025 BIOL 340

Developmental Biology

This course studies animal development and its underlying causal principles including introductory reproductive biology, embryology, and developmental genetics.

Course Credits: 3
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 223 or 281. (3-3)
NB: Not offered every year. See department chair.
2025-2026 BIOL 340

Developmental Biology

This course studies animal development and its underlying causal principles including introductory reproductive biology, embryology, and developmental genetics.

Course Credits: 3
NB: Not offered every year. See department chair.
2026-2027 BIOL 340

Developmental Biology

This course studies animal development and its underlying causal principles including introductory reproductive biology, embryology, and developmental genetics.

Course Credits: 3
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 223 or 281
NB: Not offered every year. See department chair.
2024-2025 BIOL 343

Human Histology

A study of the normal microscopic anatomy of the various tissues and organs of the body with an emphasis on the relationship between structure and function. Special attention is given to the field of human histology with some discussion of the similarities and differences in animals. The laboratory component of the course involves the observation and discussion of representative tissue sections and provides a basic understanding of normal versus abnormal morphology.

Course Credits: 3
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 223 or 281. (3-3)
NB: Not offered every year. See department chair.
2025-2026 BIOL 343

Human Histology

A study of the normal microscopic anatomy of the various tissues and organs of the body with an emphasis on the relationship between structure and function. Special attention is given to the field of human histology with some discussion of the similarities and differences in animals. The laboratory component of the course involves the observation and discussion of representative tissue sections and provides a basic understanding of normal versus abnormal morphology.

Course Credits: 3
NB: Not offered every year. See department chair.
2026-2027 BIOL 343

Human Histology

A study of the normal microscopic anatomy of the various tissues and organs of the body with an emphasis on the relationship between structure and function. Special attention is given to the field of human histology with some discussion of the similarities and differences in animals. The laboratory component of the course involves the observation and discussion of representative tissue sections and provides a basic understanding of normal versus abnormal morphology.

Course Credits: 3
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 223 or 281
NB: Not offered every year. See department chair.
2024-2025 BIOL 344

Environmental Physiology

A survey of physiological adaptations of animals to different environments including environmental stress. These adaptations are examined at several levels of organization, from the molecular and biochemical to the function of organ systems and behaviour. Includes in-depth examination of both vertebrate and invertebrate examples.

Course Credits: 3
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 223 or 281. (3-3)
NB: Not offered every year See department chair
2025-2026 BIOL 344

Environmental Physiology

A survey of physiological adaptations of animals to different environments including environmental stress. These adaptations are examined at several levels of organization, from the molecular and biochemical to the function of organ systems and behaviour. Includes in-depth examination of both vertebrate and invertebrate examples.

Course Credits: 3
NB: Not offered every year. See department chair.
2026-2027 BIOL 344

Environmental Physiology

A survey of physiological adaptations of animals to different environments including environmental stress. These adaptations are examined at several levels of organization, from the molecular and biochemical to the function of organ systems and behaviour. Includes in-depth examination of both vertebrate and invertebrate examples.

Course Credits: 3
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 223 or 281
NB: Not offered every year. See department chair.
2024-2025 BIOL 345

Vertebrate Physiology

A course on the physiology of the various organ systems of humans and higher vertebrates. The course provides an integrated view of the organization and functioning of the different organ systems of the body and their role in maintaining homeostasis.

Course Credits: 3
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 223 or 281. (3-3)
NB: Not offered every year See department chair.
2025-2026 BIOL 345

Vertebrate Physiology

A course on the physiology of the various organ systems of humans and higher vertebrates. The course provides an integrated view of the organization and functioning of the different organ systems of the body and their role in maintaining homeostasis.

Course Credits: 3
NB: Not offered every year. See department chair.
2026-2027 BIOL 345

Vertebrate Physiology

A course on the physiology of the various organ systems of humans and higher vertebrates. The course provides an integrated view of the organization and functioning of the different organ systems of the body and their role in maintaining homeostasis.

Course Credits: 3
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 223 or 281
NB: Not offered every year. See department chair.
2024-2025 BIOL 346

Advanced Human Physiology

Providing a deeper insight into mechanisms underlying a broad range of physiological phenomena, this course emphasizes the integration of the homeostatic mechanisms involving the various organ systems.

Course Credits: 3
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 345 or instructor’s consent. (3-3)
NB: Not offered every year See department chair.
2025-2026 BIOL 346

Advanced Human Physiology

Providing a deeper insight into mechanisms underlying a broad range of physiological phenomena, this course emphasizes the integration of the homeostatic mechanisms involving the various organ systems.

Course Credits: 3
NB: Not offered every year. See department chair.